What are linkages in the mechanism toys??Linkages include garage door mechanisms,car wiper mechanisms,gear shift mechanisms. They are a very important part of mechanical engineering which is given very little attention by most people.A link is defined as a rigid body having two or more pairing elements which connect it to other bodies for the purpose of transmitting force or motion.In every machine, at least one link either occupies a fixed position relative to the earth or carries the machine as a whole along with it during motion.This link is the frame of the machine and is called the fixed link.An arrangement based on components connected by rotary or sliding interfaces only is called a linkage.These type of connections, revolute and prismatic, are called lower pairs. Higher pairs are based on point line or curve interfaces.Examples of lower pairs include hinges rotary bearings,slideways,universal couplings.Examples of higher pairs include cams and gears.Kinematic analysis, a particular given mechanism is investigated based on the mechanism geometry plus factors which identify the motion such as input angular velocity, angular acceleration,etc.Kinematic synthesis is the process of designing a mechanism to accomplish a desired task.Here,both choosing the types as well as the dimensions of the new mechanism can be part of kinematic synthesis.

Designs can be everything.Colours are also one important factors in design.Here are the meanings of colours.Red:Red is the color of fire and blood,so it is associated with energy, war, danger, strength,power,determination as well as passion,desire,and love.Red has very high visibility,which is why stop signs,stoplights,and fire equipments are usually painted red.In heraldry,red is used to indicate courage.It is also a color found in many national flags.To be more specific:Light red represents joy,passion,sensitivity,and love.Pink signifies romance,love,and friendship.It denotes feminine qualities and passiveness.Dark red is associated with vigor,willpower,rage,anger,leadership,courage,longing, malice and wrath.Brown suggests stability and denotes masculine qualities.Reddish-brown is associated with harvest and fall.Orange:Orange combines the energy of red and the happiness of yellow. It is associated with joy, sunshine, and the tropics.Orange represents enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement and stimulation.Orange increases oxygen supply to the brain, produces an invigorating effect,and stimulates mental activity. As a citrus color, orange is associated with healthy food and stimulates appetite.Orange is the color of fall and harvest. In heraldry, orange is symbolic of strength and endurance.To be more specific:Dark orange can mean deceit and distrust.Red-orange corresponds to desire, pleasure, domination, aggression, and thirst for action.Gold evokes the feeling of prestige. The meaning of gold is illumination, wisdom, and wealth. Gold often symbolizes high quality.YellowYellow is the color of sunshine. It's associated with joy, happiness, intellect, and energy. Bright, pure yellow is an attention getter, which is the reason taxicabs are painted this color. When over used, yellow may have a disturbing effect; it is known that babies cry more in yellow rooms. In heraldry, yellow indicates honor and loyalty. Later the meaning of yellow was connected with cowardice.Men usually perceive yellow as a very lighthearted, 'childish' color, so it is not recommended to use yellow when selling prestigious, expensive products to men – nobody will buy a yellow business suit or a yellow Mercedes. Yellow is an unstable and spontaneous color, so avoid using yellow if you want to suggest stability and safety.To be more specific:Dull (dingy) yellow represents caution, decay, sickness, and jealousy.Light yellow is associated with intellect, freshness, and joy.GreenGreen is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness and fertility. Green has strong emotional correspondence with safety.Dark green is also commonly associated with money. Green has great healing power. It is the most restful color for the human eye; it can improve vision. Green suggests stability and endurance. Sometimes green denotes lack of experience; for example, a 'greenhorn' is a novice. In heraldry, green indicates growth and hope. Green, as opposed to red, means safety; it is the color of free passage in road traffic.To be more specific:Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, and jealousy.Yellow-green can indicate sickness, cowardice, discord, and jealousy.Aqua is associated with emotional healing and protection.Olive green is the traditional color of peace.BlueBlue is the color of the sky and sea. It is often associated with depth and stability. It symbolizes trust, loyalty, wisdom, confidence, intelligence, faith, truth, and heaven.Blue is considered beneficial to the mind and body. It slows human metabolism and produces a calming effect. Blue is strongly associated with tranquility and calmness. In heraldry, blue is used to symbolize piety and sincerity. Blue is a masculine color; according to studies, it is highly accepted among males.To be more specific:Light blue is associated with health, healing, tranquility, understanding, and softness.Dark blue represents knowledge, power, integrity, and seriousness.PurplePurple combines the stability of blue and the energy of red. Purple is associated with royalty. It symbolizes power, nobility, luxury, and ambition. It conveys wealth and extravagance. Purple is associated with wisdom, dignity, independence, creativity, mystery, and magic.According to surveys, almost 75 percent of pre-adolescent children prefer purple to all other colors. Purple is a very rare color in nature; some people consider it to be artificial.Light purple is a good choice for a feminine design. To be more specific:Light purple evokes romantic and nostalgic feelings.Dark purple evokes gloom and sad feelings. It can cause frustration.WhiteWhite is associated with light, goodness, innocence, purity, and virginity. It is considered to be the color of perfection.White means safety, purity, and cleanliness. As opposed to black, white usually has a positive connotation. White can represent a successful beginning. In heraldry, white depicts faith and purity.BlackBlack is associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery.Black is a mysterious color associated with fear and the unknown (black holes). It usually has a negative connotation (blacklist, black humor, 'black death'). Black denotes strength and authority; it is considered to be a very formal, elegant, and prestigious color (black tie, black Mercedes). In heraldry, black is the symbol of grief.




Microsoft,struggling in Japan, to launch cheaper Xbox:TOKYO: US computer giant Microsoft it was launching a cheaper version of its Xbox 360 in Japan in an attempt to make inroads into the game-loving nation that has shunned the console. Microsoft will put the Xbox 360 Arcade on sale March 6 at a price of 27,800 yen (260 US dollars), less than the 34,800 yen for the current machine.Unlike the standard Xbox 360, the Arcade version has no hard drive. It comes with games -- mostly family-friendly ones appealing to casual gamers -- with other games downloadable from the Internet. The Xbox has been a flop in Japan, home of video-game rivals Sony Corp. and Nintendo Co. which together have a stranglehold on their main market. The XBox 360 Arcade, released last year in North America, is just above the 25,000-yen price tag of Nintendo's hot-selling Wii, which includes an innovative motion-sensitive controller and aims at non-traditional gamers. Sony in October also slashed the price of its next-generation PlayStation 3 in hopes of better competing with the Wii, which was launched at nearly the same time as the PS3 in late 2006. Some 3.63 million Wii machines were sold in Japan last year, three times the 1.21 million PlayStation 3 consoles bought off the shelves.I believe that the games will benifits most from it.

Types of motion:•Linear motionLinear motion is movement in a straight line. An example of linear motion is the cutting arm of a paper guillotine (below) as it travels from one side of the machine to the other.
•Oscillating motion Oscillating motion is movement backwards and forwards in a circular arc. E.g. playground swings (photo) and clock pendulums.
•Reciprocating motion
Reciprocating motion is a backwards and forwards movement in a straight line. Sewing machine needles work with this type of motion.
•Rotary motion
When something moves in a circle it is called rotary motion.

Technical VocabularyAnchorA rigid point of support.Anti-clockwiseIn the direction opposite to the rotation of the hands of a clock.AxleA supporting shaft or rod on which a wheel or a set of wheels revolves.ChassisA rectangular frame, usually supported on springs and attached to the axles, that holds the body and motor of an automotive vehicle.Centrifugal forceThe force, equal and opposite to the centripetal force, drawing a rotating body away from the centre of rotation.ClockwiseIn the same direction as the rotating hands of a clock.CrankAn input device, such as a handle, that when turned makes parts of a machine move or operate.DiameterThe length of a straight line drawn across a circle passing through it's centre.ForceForces are pushes or pulls that make things start or stop moving. Forces can also speed up,slow down or change the direction of movement.FrictionThe force that stops things from moving freely when they rub against each other.FulcrumThe pivot point around which a lever turns.InputEnergy, work, or power used to drive a machine.IntermittentStopping and starting at intervals.LeverA rigid rod pivoted about a fixed axis called a fulcrum.Linear motionMovement in a straight line.LinkageA series of levers connecting together moving parts of a mechanism.MotionMovement: the act or process of changing position or place.Oscillating motionMovement backwards and forwards along a circular arc.OutputThe energy, power, or work produced by a system.ParallelWhen two objects or lines are the same distance apart along the whole of their length.PistonA solid cylinder or disk that fits snugly into a larger cylinder and which is forced to move under fluid pressure.PivotThe central point or short shaft on which something balances or turns.PlatformA horizontal surface raised above the level of the area next to it.Reciprocating motionMovement backwards and forwards in a straight line.Rotary motionMovement in a circular path.ShaftA rod in a machine to which cams, gears and pulleys are attached.StationaryNot moving.TorqueThe turning effect of a force in rotary systems. Measured in Newton Metres (Nm).UndulateTo move in a wave like motion.

GENERAL WORKSHOP RULES1) No workshop practice is to be carried out by pupils without the presence of the teacher/instructor.2) Always use he right tool for the right job and return it to its proper place after use.3) Extreme care should be exercised when handling sharp-pointed or sharp-edged tools.4) Do not use tools that are blunt, badly worn, mushroomed or in poor condition.5) Pupils should not operate machines unless they have been instructed upon their correct use.6) Report any damage to machines or equipment as this could cause an accident.7) Always wear an apron as it will protect your clothes and holds lose clothing in place.8) Wear good strong shoes. Slippers and sandals are not allowed in the workshop.9) Shirts with long sleeves, watches, rings, bracelets and bangles should not be worm during workshop sessions.10) Female pupils with long hair should wear a scarf or a headband to keep the hair form becoming a hazard during workshop practice.11) Do not rush. Watch your steps while in the workshop.12) When you don't know, don't pretend that you know.

The LG Viewty KU990 might sound like it's a digital camera but it's actually LG's latest camera phone that features an impressive 5-megapixel camera with autofocus and xenon flash!Besides the impressive camera, we should also be very proud of its lovely large touchscreen, which lets us view images easily. On the other hand, it also has the ability to upload videos directly to YouTube and to shoot video at 120 frames per second, this allows us to slow it down and watch it in slow-motion, as seen in the clip below. This feature's ideal for shooting fast-moving sports footage.View the clip! ;DLG KU990 Viewty is already on all major networks! Pricing is yet to be confirmed but it's likely to be free on a monthly contract of around £30 to £40 per month. DesignMany camera phones take good pictures but they don't have look great on appearance. luckily the LG KU990 Viewty is not an ugly camera phone. In fact, it's one of the best-looking camera phones in market so far! In line with LG's latest and greatest handsets, the KU990 has an understated design that feels functional but also exudes a certain amount of class. It feels light but not plasticky and looks more like a high-end handset than the cheap LG phones we've seen in the past. Similar to the LG Prada and Apple's iPhone, the KU990 features a large touchscreen with three mechanical keys at the bottom, the end and send call keys, and the cancel key .While the touchscreen is prone to fingerprints and scratches, which is so attractive. Positioned at the top-left section of the back of the handset is the KU990's attractive feature, a 5-megapixel camera!But disappointingly it isn't protected by a lens cover. Next to the camera is xenon flash and autofocus light, similar to those on the Sony Ericsson K810i. Around the side of the camera is an interesting rocker disc that you can push up and down to scroll through menu options, to adjust the volume during calls and zoom in and out in camera mode, among other things. It's an interesting concept however its not always easy to press and we would have preferred a standard rocker key.

The KU990 comes with a 5-megapixel camera with xenon flash but there's no coverOn the right side of the KU990 are two dedicated camera keys and a switch to change modes. The mode switch is a little tough to change at times but the shutter key is well-sized and very easy to press, which is usually different from cases of other camera phones.

Ethics aside, imagine a little weather-resistant device that will ensure that no unknown vehicular activities are carried out under your nose.Measuring 3.8 inches in length and 1.46 inches in width (about the size of a slim mobile phone), the magnetic GPS Tracking Key by LandAirSea can be mounted onto your car (even underneath) instantly to receive signals from the twenty-four Department of Defense GPS satellites orbiting the earth to give you precise information on where a person traveled, how fast they drove, where they stopped and for how long.Well, this is not to say that you are supposed to use it to monitor the whereabouts of anyone in real-time. (Thank God!) The recorded data, accurate up to 2.5 metres, can be downloaded and displayed over web applications like Google Earth simply by plugging the USB device straight into your computer.I say this little thing is good for long distance road travel. If you’re someone who needs to know exactly ALL the details of your next road trip. You never know when this information come in handy, eh?The LandAirSea Tracking Key runs on two AAA batteries and can last for approximately two weeks based on driving activity of 2 hours per day and alkaline batteries. Using lithium batteries would buy you even more tracking life.

`4GB Internal Memory
`Photo Album & Scrapbook
`Smile Shutter
`Face Detection Technology
`8.1 Mega Pixels with Super HAD CCD
`2.7" Touch Screen LCD
`Carl Zeiss® Vario-Tessar Lens with 3x Optical Zoom
`BIONZ Image Processing Engine
`Super SteadyShot
`HD Slide Show with Select Music Playback
`1 cm Macro Mode
`High Definition Output (for still image)

Basic Features

Gross Pixels - Approx. 8,286K Pixels
Effective Pixels - Approx. 8,083K Pixels
Optical Zoom - 3x
Precision Digital Zoom - Approx. 6x
Smart Zoom - Yes (5M: Approx. 3.8x, 3M: Approx. 4.8x,
VGA: Approx.15x, 16:9: Approx. 5.1x)
Optical Zoom During Movie Recording - Yes
Lens - Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar
Sensor Type - CCD
F Number - 3.5 - 4.3
Focal Length f = (35mm Conversion) - 6.33 - 19.0mm (38 - 114mm)
Auto Focus Range - W: Approx. 50cm to Infinity, T: Approx. 50cm to InfinityMacro Auto Focus Range - W: Approx. 8cm to Infinity, T: Approx. 25cm to InfinityMagnifying Glass Mode Range - W: Approx. 1cm to Approx. 20cmProcessor - BIONZInternal Memory - Yes (Approx. 4GB)Memory Stick - Memory Stick Duo / Memory Stick PRO DuoLCD - 2.7" (230K pixels) Clear Photo LCDStamina (Battery Life) - 280 shots / 140minsBattery System - Lithium ION Battery NP-BD1USB - 2.0 Hi-Speed

Main FeaturesExposure Model - Auto, Program Auto, Scene Selection 10 Modes (Twilight / Twilight Portrait / Soft Snap / Landscape / Beach / Snow / Fireworks / High Speed Shutter / High Sensitivity / Smile Shutter)Still Image Size / Minimal Recording Interval 8M - 3,264 x 2,448 / 1.4secStill Image Size / Minimal Recording Interval 5M - 2,592 x 1,944 / 1.4secStill Image Size / Minimal Recording Interval 3M - 2,048 x 1,536 / 1.4secStill Image Size / Minimal Recording Interval VGA - 640 x 480 / 1.4secStill Image Size / Minimal Recording Interval 3:2 Mode - 3,264 x 2,176 / 1.4secStill Image Size / Minimal Recording Interval 16:9 Mode - 1,920 x 1,080 / 1.4secMPEG Movie VX Fine - 640 x 480, 30fpsMPEG Movie VX Standard - 640 x 480, 16.6fpsPresentation - 320 x 240, 8.3fpsStill Image Recording Mode - Normal (JPEG) / Burst (JPEG) / Bracketing (JPEG)Burst Interval - Maximum Image Size, Fine (Approx. 0.51sec) / VGA, Standard (Approx. 0.51sec)Aperture - Auto (F3.5 - F10) / Program Auto (F3.5 - F10)Shutter Speed - Auto (1/4 - 1/1000) / Program Auto (1" - 1/1000)NR Slow Shutter - Yes (Shutter Speed of 1/3sec or slower)Super SteadyShot (Method) - Yes (Optical)SteadyShot Function ON / OFF - YesSteadyShot Mode - YesFocus Mode - Auto Focus / Macro / Focus Preset / Magnifying GlassAuto Focus Method - Single AF, Monitoring AFAuto Focus Area - Multi-point AF (9 points) / Centre-weighted AF / Flexible Spot AFExposure Compensation - Yes (Plus / Minus 2.0EV, 1/3EV Step)White Balance - Auto / Daylight / Cloudy / Fluorescent / Incandescent / FlashLight Metering - Multi-Pattern / Centre Weighted / SpotColour Mode - Vivid / Natural / B&W / SepiaAuto Focus Illuminator - Yes (W: Approx. 2.7m ,T: Approx. 2.5m)Flash Mode - Auto, Forced-Flash, No Flash, Slow SynchroFlash Range - ISO Auto: 0.1 - 3.7m (W) / Approx. 0.25 - 2.8m (T), ISO3200: up to 6.4m (W) / 5.6m (T)Flash Level Setting - Yes (Menu, Plus / Minus 1step)Pre-flash - YesAuto Daylight Syncro - YesClear RAW NR (Noise Reduction) - YesISO Sensitivity Setting - Yes (Menu, Auto / 80 / 100 / 200 / 400 / 800 / 1600 / 3200)Red-eye Reduction - YesBattery Remaining Indicator - YesExposure Warning Indicator - YesHistogram Indicator - YesDisk / Memory Stick Remaining Indicator - YesUser InterfaceSelf-Timer - Yes (10sec / 2sec / off)Auto Review - Yes (2sec)Index Playback - YesPlayback Moving Image Mode - Yes (VX Fine / VX Standard / Presentation)Slide Show Playback - Yes (HD / SD)Slide Show Effect - Transition Effect, 5 Mode (Normal / Simple / Active / Nostalgic / Stylish), Music (4 Tunes)Trimming / Resize / Playback Zoom - Yes / No / 5xImage Rotation / Divide (MPEG) / Cue & Review - Yes / No / YesHand Shake Alert - YesLCD Brightness Setting - YesTouch Panel - YesSpeaker Volume Control - YesInternal Memory Full Data Copy (to Memory Stick) - YesUSB Connecting - Mass Storage / PTP / PictBridge / Multi ConfigurationOther FeaturesMulti-use Terminal - YesTripod Receptacle - YesQuick ResponseStart-up - Approx. 1.34 secShutter Time Lag - Approx. 0.3secRelease Time Lag - Approx. 0.007secBody SizeDimensions (W x H x D) - 86.8 x 56.8 x 20.2mmSpecial Mention on Dimensions - Min. 20.2mmWeight - Approx. 129g (Body), Approx. 156g (With Accessories)Body Material - Metal (plastic in part)Supplied AccessoriesBattery - Lithium ION Battery NP-BD1Battery Charger - BC-CSDMulti-cable - YesUSB Cable - YesPower Cord - YesWrist Strap - YesPaint Pen - YesAdaptor Plate for CSS-HD1/PC1 - YesCD-ROM - Picture Motion Browser
The generous 4GB internal memory turns the Cyber-shot T2 into a digital photo album, allows us to store and share your pictures on the go. To help us organise these photos, it comes with a state-of-the-art Automatic Images Management System.

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